By Abdullah Channo, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Arid Zone Research Centre (PARC-AZRC), Umerkot, Pakistan.
In the expansive Thar region, amidst seemingly boundless challenges, a quiet revolution is unfolding as against the backdrop of arid landscapes and a resilient community, livestock’s impact on reducing poverty reverberates through economic, nutritional, and social advancements.
Tharparkar and Kankrej cattle, along with adaptable small ruminants, Samroti and Tharki Goats, not only provide sustenance but also serve as beacons of hope, driving progress while blending tradition with scientific innovation.
Genetic studies underscore the resilience of Samroti and Tharki goats to low rainfall and high temperatures, crucial for sustainable farming. Quantitative analyses emphasise their substantial contribution to household income, aiding poverty alleviation. Molecular studies show their genetic predisposition for high reproductive rates, ensuring a steady income source.
Genomic studies of Tharparkar and Kankrej cattle reveal specific drought-resilient genes, enhancing adaptability to water scarcity. Tharparkar cow milk, rich in essential nutrients, emerges as a significant dietary component. These cattle breeds boost farm productivity, aiding overall agricultural sustainability.
Ethological studies highlight the suitability of Thari or Sindhi camels for transportation and agricultural work. Advanced assays reveal camel milk’s unique nutritional composition, enhancing local diets.
Livestock sales, including Samroti and Tharki goats, Tharparkar and Kankrej cattle, and Thari or Sindhi camels, provide a reliable income source due to their adaptability to Thar’s arid conditions. Livestock farming acts as a buffer against agricultural uncertainties, reducing vulnerability to crop failures.
Livestock, especially Tharparkar cows and small ruminants, contribute significantly to milk and meat production, addressing nutritional needs. The sector offers various employment opportunities, reducing unemployment and supporting the local economy.
Cattle also play a crucial role in plowing fields, enhancing crop yields, and ensuring food security. Camels facilitate transportation, fostering trade and economic exchange, improving market access.
Owning livestock symbolizes wealth and social status, enhancing community cohesion and cultural identity. Engaging in livestock farming develops animal husbandry skills, increasing efficiency and sustainability.
Examining livestock in Thar through a scientific lens reveals their adaptive genetics and substantial contributions to poverty alleviation. Integrating genetic insights, breeding programmes, and nutritional analysis enhances the region’s economic and nutritional outcomes. This approach aligns with a broader scientific framework, offering resilience in Tharparkar’s agricultural landscape.
As the sun sets in Thar, the symphony of progress played by its livestock continues to resonate, showcasing the transformative power of sustainable farming practices in the journey towards a prosperous region.
